Holi is a festival that brings people together in a celebration of colours, marking the arrival of spring and fostering a sense of community. Traditionally, the colours used during Holi were made from natural sources like flowers, turmeric, neem and other herbs, which were gentle on the skin and carried certain health benefits. However, in recent years, synthetic colours have largely replaced these natural alternatives. Many of these commercial powders contain artificial dyes and heavy metals that can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and other health concerns. Being mindful of the ingredients in Holi colours and taking preventive skincare measures can help minimise risks while allowing people to fully enjoy the festivities.
Original colours vs modern replacements
Red powders were historically derived from dried hibiscus flowers, but are now frequently laced with mercury sulfide, a compound known to cause skin irritation and rashes. Similarly, natural green from crushed leaves like henna or neem, but have now been replaced with synthetic versions containing copper sulfate, a substance notorious for causing allergic reactions and dermatitis. Blue colours, once made from natural indigo, now often contain Prussian blue or cobalt compounds, both of which can be toxic. Yellow powders, originally made from turmeric or marigold, now frequently contain lead-based compounds, which are highly toxic, especially to children, as they can impede physical and mental growth. Black and silver colours are particularly concerning, as they often contain high levels of lead and aluminum, which can contribute to long-term health complications beyond just skin damage.
Toxic chemicals higher than safe limits
Kumudhini Subramanian, dermatologist and founder of The Derm Centre, Chennai, highlights the alarming presence of toxic substances in synthetic Holi colours. Citing research, Dr. Subramanian says lead (Pb) levels in some commercial colours have been found to be twice the recommended safe limits, with exposure levels reaching 20 mg/kg. Lead exposure is particularly concerning as it can damage the kidneys, nervous system, and reproductive system. Additionally, it can cross the placental barrier, posing severe risks to foetal development. She also points out that endotoxin monitoring tests have revealed Holi dyes have endotoxin levels thirty-five times higher than acceptable limits, making them hazardous to human health. Children in contact with synthetic yellow-coloured powders are especially vulnerable to developmental and neurological issues. Dr. Subramanian warns that in areas with widespread Holi celebrations, blood tests have revealed cases of methemoglobinemia in children, a condition that affects oxygen transport in the blood.
The skin, being the body’s largest organ, is highly absorbent. When synthetic Holi colours come into contact with the skin, they can trigger irritation and allergies. Many chemical dyes found in these colours can cause contact dermatitis, leading to redness, itching, and inflammation. Eczematous lesions, resembling patches of eczema, are a common reaction due to prolonged exposure. Colours accumulating in nail beds can result in nail fold infections. Additionally, clogged pores from artificial colour particles can trigger breakouts and worsen existing acne conditions. Those prone to asthma are at an even higher risk, as fine particles from colour powders can be inhaled, exacerbating breathing difficulties. Eyes are particularly vulnerable, with colours flung into them often causing conjunctivitis, corneal abrasions, or, in severe cases, temporary blindness.
How do we choose safe colours?
Given the potential risks, choosing safe and skin-friendly colours is essential. Many brands now offer organic and herbal Holi colours made from natural plant extracts, flower petals, and food-grade ingredients. For those who prefer a hands-on approach, making DIY colours at home is an excellent option. Turmeric can be used to create yellow, beetroot powder for pink, henna for green, and dried hibiscus petals for red. If purchasing colours, it is crucial to look for certified non-toxic products labeled ‘skin-safe’ or ‘organic.’ Dr. Subramanian stresses the importance of sourcing Holi colours carefully, noting that most consumers are unaware of the Packaged Products Act and often buy from street vendors without verifying the source. Checking labels and ensuring product quality is vital to protecting skin and eye health rather than compromising safety for convenience.
Taking precautions before playing Holi can make a significant difference in minimising skin damage. Applying a generous layer of coconut oil, almond oil, or a thick moisturiser creates a protective barrier that prevents colours from directly penetrating the skin. Using a high-SPF sunscreen before heading out can further safeguard against damage, as the combination of UV rays and synthetic colours can worsen irritation. Coating nails with dark nail polish helps prevent colour absorption, while oiling the hair with coconut or olive oil reduces dryness and breakage. Choosing full-sleeved cotton outfits can also help reduce direct skin exposure to harmful colours.
Post-Holi care
Once the celebrations are over, proper post-Holi skincare is crucial. The first step should always be an immediate rinse-off using lukewarm or cold water. Hot water should be avoided, as it can open the pores and allow harmful substances to penetrate deeper into the skin. A mild, sulfate-free cleanser should be used instead of scrubbing, which can aggravate irritation. For stubborn colours, an oil-based removal method is highly effective. Applying coconut oil, almond oil, or baby oil can loosen colour particles, allowing them to be wiped off gently with a cotton pad before rinsing. Hydration is key in the recovery process. Using a rich moisturiser at night helps restore the skin’s barrier, while hydrating serums followed by a lightweight moisturiser can provide continuous nourishment. Moisturising the hair, nails, and skin post-Holi prevents excessive dryness. To protect the skin from further damage, a generous application of sunscreen the next morning is essential. It is also advisable to avoid direct sun exposure for a few days after Holi.
To allow the skin time to heal, it is best to avoid cosmetic procedures like facials, chemical peels, or laser treatments for at least a week before and after Holi, if one intends to play with colours, as the skin tends to be more sensitive during this period. Additionally, active skincare products such as retinoids and acids should be stopped two to three days before and after Holi to prevent adverse reactions.
Holi is a time of joy and togetherness, and with a few mindful choices, it can be both fun and safe. Opting for natural colours, taking preventive skincare measures, and following a proper cleansing routine can help minimise risks while preserving the excitement of the festival. With increasing awareness of skin health and safe alternatives, it is possible to enjoy Holi without compromising our well-being.
(Dr. Monisha Madhumita is a consultant dermatologist at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai and member of the International Alliance for Global Health Dermatology, London, UK. [email protected] )
Published – March 12, 2025 04:09 pm IST